Diesel Cooling (Volvo D4)

bemiller75

Member
Joined
Mar 29, 2022
Messages
19
Fluid Motion Model
C-302 C
Vessel Name
SHADOWFAX
I'm experiencing abnormal engine temperatures, and I would appreciate any thoughts before I call in an expensive specialist. When cruising at 2800 rpm or below, the engine temperature on my Volvo D4 (Ranger R-31S) is rock solid at 185, as expected. If I go over 2800, temperature rises rapidly to 196 and holds there. If I go over about 3100 rpm, the temperature does another step rise to 207 and holds. I don't see any obvious causes -- seawater strainer is clean (I check it every underway), coolant level is normal (also checked every underway), intake grill appears clean. I saw some good ideas the forum members had for an overheating D3, but many did not appear applicable to the D4. I suppose there could be a partial block of some sort between the sea cock and the strainer (hard to check in the water). Any ideas or suggestions? Thanks much for any help.
 
You might want to check your impeller. If some vanes have broken off they could be clogging the intake to the heat exchanger
 
check your heat exchanger if you are 500+ hours
 
I was having the same thing on my C 28 with a 2013 D4. I change the impellor every year and use barnacle buster occasionally. Had the heat exchanger removed and cleaned last year. Problem solved. I had about 700 hours on the motor at that time. My mechanic says the heat exchanger needs to be cleaned every 5 to 7 years. I was overdue.

-martin610
 
I was having the same thing on my C 28 with a 2013 D4. I change the impellor every year and use barnacle buster occasionally. Had the heat exchanger removed and cleaned last year. Problem solved. I had about 700 hours on the motor at that time. My mechanic says the heat exchanger needs to be cleaned every 5 to 7 years. I was overdue.

-martin610
How do you clean heat exchanger? Is it difficult?
 
I’ve been there, did a full removal of all the four inline coolers (fuel, charged air, engine, oil cooler) several years ago which solved the issue - but it seems I’m heading back down the same road. Degree of difficulty for removal is high. Start with removing starter with multiple hidden and hard to reach bolts. I’m inclined to start upstream at the intake and step through the systems to look for issues. Strainer, impeller replacement are the first items to check. Fuel cooler is next system and is fairly easy to inspect and may give you a clue what obstacles may have gotten into the system.IMG_0947.jpeg
 
Next system downstream in your cooling system is the charged air cooler (cools the air in the turbo). Difficultly is medium as it sits up high on the engine so access to all the bolts is “reasonable.” The water enters from the front down 1/2 of the heat exchanging tubes and then circles back to travel though the other half of those tubes returning back to the front. Those tubes are in a module that slides but but it sides out forward which means you need to fully remove the charged air cooler. The Volvo Penta Workshop manual for the D4/D6 has a section dedicated to its overhaul. I found a gun barrel cleaning kit was a good way to clean each tube, especially if I hooked it up to my portable drill to spin it. Once I saw the condition of these tubes I knew overhauling was the way to go.IMG_0962.jpeg
 
Which takes you to the combination heat exchanger/oil cooler. These two units are essentially mated together. Removal is difficult which includes removing the starter - access is restricted with the engine installed. Don’t attempt without having the VP workbook to guide you to all the bolts that are near impossible to see. Just my opinion, I would exhaust all other methods of clearing the heat exchanger tubes of obstacles before removing. However you can see from my picture - the heat exchanger tubes were definitely impacted by “stuff.” So why am i already experiencing the same overheating issues three years later? I have some suspicions but no facts to back them up. Interested in hearing from others on the effectiveness of the clamshell strainer…IMG_0993.jpeg
 
About right but I would not focus as much on the age and engine hours. Florida waters, shallow with plenty of sea grasses to feed the Manatees….and apparently my engine cooling system?!?. Boat lives mostly on a lift, not in the water and I do have the ability to push fresh water through the system to flush. I haven’t inspected the system yet, other than the strainer (clean) and the impeller (no issues seen, replaced).
 
Been thinking about "cleaning the exchanger" short of an overhaul (full removal) which I did last time (high difficulty). Believe "inspection" of the fuel cooler, charged air cooler, and heat exchanger is still prudent and all possible without getting into the higher degree of difficulty necessary to remove each component of the heat exchanging system. In my opinion (not a mechanic, but mechanically inclined), the inspection and limited cleaning is not necessarily out of reach for someone who is also mechanically inclined. I would rate what I am proposing below as DIY-capable for the DIY-savvy. I'm going to run this gauntlet over the next couple of weeks. I'll report back how my plan worked out.

Fuel cooler is fairly simple, and if you don't disconnect the fuel lines you don't even need to reprime the fuel (which is not hard either). Simply remove the inlet hose coming from the saltwater pump and look for blockage (seaweed or impeller rubber parts) and remove. If you want to run something down each tube - a 20-gauge shotgun cleaning rod and brass brush would be the tool to use.

The charged air cooler rear plate can also be removed with four easily accessible bolts, and the tubes can be inspected from the rear of the engine. There is one large O-ring behind the end plate, then a spacer plate and one more large O-ring. You can remove and replace those O-rings - or reuse if they are in good shape (recommend coating with vegetable glycerin when reinstalling). If there is accumulated "stuff" you can likely remove it by using a gun barrel cleaning kit. The tubes are smaller than the fuel filter so a 22-caliber gun cleaning kit would likely be a better fit. The tubes are also about 12 inches long, but I have about 20 inches of space behind the charged air cooler and my generator set so plenty of room to run the cleaning rod back and forth. Remember of you spin the brush with a cordless drill, spin it in the correct direction so the brush does not spin itself off the end of the cleaning rod. Change out the zinc anode if there is one there and reinstall the end plate - book says 18 +-3 NM torque (13.3 +-2 lbf.ft).

Of course, the engine coolant temperature rises are due to the efficiency of the heat exchanger being diminished so doing the same procedure cited above on the heat exchanger is likely necessary to see a difference in engine running temperatures. However, the heat exchanger can be likewise inspected and cleaned without removing it from the engine (high difficulty). The forward plate of the heat exchanger can be removed much like the rear plate of the charged air cooler - it also has a large O-ring, a spacer plate and another O-ring. However, you will find that the saltwater pump pulley is in front of at least one of the four bolts for that plate so you will probably want to remove the drive belt and saltwater pump before removing the front plate of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger tubes are about 12 inches long if you want to use the gun barrel cleaning method on them. I also don't know if those tubes line up exactly with the tubes in the oil cooler side of this unit to clean both at the same time - about 20 inches deep overall. Also, I only have about 12 inches of clearance between the heat exchanger and the forward bulkhead of the engine compartment - so the gun cleaning rod will need to be shorter than 12 inches long and be sectioned together to reach all the way through both heat exchanger tubes and oil cooler tubes. Same process for the O-Rings - replace or clean/reuse. Change out the zinc anode if there is one there and reinstall the end plate - book says 18 +-3 NM torque (13.3 +-2 lbf.ft). Reinstall the saltwater pump and drive belt and see what your engine coolant temps do.

OBTW, just to be complete - there is a transmission oil cooler further down the line before the water is flushed out through the exhaust elbow. It is at the rear of the engine...

Bemiller75, I'll PM the two exploded diagrams of the charged air unit and heat exchanger/oil cooler combo so you can see what I am talking about. I don't want to post VP manual material. I do advocate buying the VP Workshop Manual for the D4, D6 (Group 20-26). It has been a great source for seeing how our engines are put together.
 
This is a video on heat exchanger service for either D4 or D6, which have a similar design. I had posted it before but it seemed to bear repeating.


-martin610
 
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